Njinga Mbande, often referred to simply as Queen Njinga, is one of the most remarkable and influential figures in African history. A fierce warrior, shrewd diplomat, and visionary leader, she ruled over the Kingdom of Ndongo and later the Kingdom of Matamba in present-day Angola during the 17th century. Njinga’s reign, which spanned several decad
Frances E. Allen was an American computer scientist who became one of the pioneers of compiler optimization techniques. She worked at IBM during the 1950s and 1960s, where she developed algorithms to improve the efficiency of compilers — the programs that translate high-level programming languages into machine code. Allen’s contributions were c
Among those who recognized the potential of Babbage’s invention was Ada Lovelace, a mathematician and writer, who is now widely regarded as the first person to write an algorithm intended for a machine. Lovelace’s relationship with Babbage began in the 1830s when she was introduced to him through their mutual acquaintance, the scientist Mary So
The history of computing is often told as a story dominated by men. Figures like Alan Turing, John von Neumann, and Bill Gates are frequently credited as the pioneers of the digital age. However, the story of modern computing would not be complete without the extraordinary contributions of women who helped lay the foundation for the field of comput